Archaeology can reveal the remains of gardens that were never mentioned in written sources, particularly those that did not belong to the rich or famous; this book examines the most recent evidence from 1000 BC to 500 AD in the cultures of the ancient Near East, Egypt, Greece, Italy and the provinces of the Roman Empire. This study brings together archaeological and literary evidence surrounding ancient gardens and also examines the tasks and role of gardeners; at the same time assessing the evidence for various types of plants and trees, and for ancient horticultural practices.